Posted: Tue Oct 18, 2011 4:36 pm Post subject: study guide
• Study the maps of Rome and the Mediterranean Sea and highlight the important cities and/or hills.
• Review sections 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30 of the reading and take notes on a separate piece of paper. Write down important dates, any important events that caused change in Roman history, or anything else that pops out at you.
• Review the foundation myth about Rome. Again, write down important dates, any important events that caused change in Roman history, or anything else that pops out at you.
Posted: Tue Oct 18, 2011 5:56 pm Post subject: Roman Government Positions
Dictator
- 6 months
- Dictator
- All powerful
- Only in military crises
- Very rare
- Chosen by the Consuls
Consuls
- 2 people
- Highest non-dictator
- 1 year term
- Run the senate
- Decide on the order of the speakers
- Main generals in Army
- Elected by Comitia Centuriata
Senate
- 300 members (number varies)
- Mostly military figures
- Patricians
- Writes laws (voted on by the Comitia Centuriata)
Censor
- Conducted census
- Patricians
- Judges, not capital cases
Tribunes
- Defend the plebs
- Elected by the votes of the tribes
- 3 tribes, 3 tribunes
- Run Comitia Plebiscita
- Can influence the Senate
- Can’t be killed!
- Plebs
Praetors
- Head of law and army
- Logistics for army
- Very powerful
- Patricians
Quaestors
- Control Treasury
- Preside in capital case
- Lawyers and judges
- Patricians
Aediles
- Temples
- Roads
- Public Works
- Festivities
- Plebs
- Number varies
Patricians
- Upper class
- Richies
- Most powerful citizens
- Old money
- Aristocrat
- 509 BC
- Men
Plebians
- Second Class
- Working class
- Can be rich
- Men
Comitia Centuriata
- Classifies citizen to military ability
- All Patricians
- Not all equal
o Centuries
o Riches have the most votes
Comitia Plebiscita
- Defended the plebs
- Started in 471 BC
Posted: Tue Oct 18, 2011 6:19 pm Post subject: Study Guide
Consuls
Two of them
Two generals for the Roman army
Choose the order for which people talk in the Senate
Censors
Judge cases about land
Make the census
Patricians
Dictator
Only for six months
Only during a military crisis
The only people in the government that can have complete power
Named by consuls
An ideal dictator would be someone that has nothing to do with the government
Tribunes
Plebians
Three of them
Can (try to) veto senate’s decision
They run the Comitia Plebiscita
Elected
Senate
Around 300 people
founded in 509
Mostly made up of military men
Patricians
Come up with laws
Quaestors
Patricians
Watch after the treasury
Lawyers and judges for criminal cases
Work very closely with Praetors
Comitia Contoriata
Century commitee
Made up of soldiers
Elect the consuls
Make decision about senate’s proposed laws
Made up of all Patricians
Stop voting after the majority decides on the topic
Broken up into centuries by wealth
Praetors
Enforce laws
Patricians
Head of law and army
In charge of logistics of army
Unlimited access to money
Aediles
Look after buildings and special places
Plebians
orginize festivals
Plebians
2nd class citizens
passed down through blood
can still be very wealthy, but always will be labeled as a Plebian
up until 471 BCE, Plebians couldn’t have any involvement in the government.
Before 471, they had a revolt against the Patricians (they went on strike).
In 471, they had a second revolt (another strike) and earned a place in the government.
Patricians
509
uperclass (aristocrats)
passed down through blood
very wealthy, but can also be poor but will always be labeled as Patrician
Comitia Plebiscita
Defend Plebs
Elects the Tribunes
Mos Maeorum
unspoken rules that everyone follows.
If someone doesn’t follow them, they are pointed out and could face punishment depending on what they did
Romulus and Remus
brothers
753/4 BCE
Amelius tried to drown them but they got saved by a shewolf and looked for a sign from the gods through an auger. Romulus got 12 vulchers and Remus got 6 vulchers. Remus dies and Romulus founded Rome.
Roman qualities
Beautiful
Warriors
Strong
Family
Rulership
Killers
Nurturing
Instructional (territorial)
Part Trojan, Latin, Sabine and Etruscan
Intimidating
Tarquin
Son of Tarquinius (last Roman king)
raped Lucretia (wife of Brutus and perfect Roman woman)
Brutus
husband of Lucretia
After she commits suicide, he founded the Roman Republic (509 BCE)
Servius Tullius
11th king of Rome
Founded the senate
started the first census
before Roman Republic was started, after the Etruscans took over
Venusand Anchises had a son Aneas who later marries Lavinea and has a child called Ascauius. Some time passes and then there are two brothers Amulius and Numitor. Numitor was king and him and his brother fought for the crown but in the end Amulius won and became king. After he made Numitor's daughter Rhea Silvia into a vestal virgin. Then later she was raped by Mars and later bearded his children. So that his crown would not be taken away from him Amulius sent the brothers Romuls and Remus down a river. Later a she wolf found and cared for the children. Later on when they are grown up they want to start a kingdom so they set out to find a spot. They came to a place with seven hills and Romuls took one and Remus took one and the two brothers couldn't decide where to put it so they performed an Augury. So in this case they counted birds (vultures) that flew around them and the one wih more would start the kingdom. So in the end Romuls won and started his kingdom making his brother live outside the walls of the city. To show his brother that meant nothing he climbed over the wall but got killed by his brother.
Posted: Tue Oct 18, 2011 6:38 pm Post subject: Sophie's study guide... With some questions. Help please.
Servious Tullious- Second to last Roman King. Around 490, he…
-Started the Senate.
-Created the Census.
Tarquinious Jr. (Tarquin). Around 509, he…
-Raped Lucretia (Ideal Roman woman, also Brutice’s wife)
-The rape caused Brutice to lead a revolt against the Etruscan King.
-The Roman Republic followed shortly after.
Was Brutice a Patrician or a Pleb?
Romulos. Was born around 753(4) (At what time did he found rome?) he…
-And he brother found the area where Rome was to be founded
-There friends who were with them couldn’t decide which brother to follow.
-The brothers looked to the sky to read an augury (a religious ritual to learn the god’s wishes. Led by an Auger or priest).
-Romulos had more vultures, so he got the city.
-He and his men built a wall.
-His brother climbed the wall.
-Romulos killed his brother.
Comitia Centuriata. (When was this created?)
-Body made up of Patricians only to elect the consuls and the senate.
-They control practically everything.
-Everything comes back to them.
Mos Maeoram (When was this first created?)
-Unspoken rules
-Expectations
-Convention _________________ -Sophie out.
"Beam me up, Scottie!"-Startrek
For the first side (the Mediterranean side) Think of the locations as a check mark, start in Troy/Pergamum and head left to Achaea and then to Carthage, and finally upwards to Rome. If you follow the locations this way with a finger or a pencil it should look like a check mark.
As for the hills divide it in half based on the forum. Make the line go through the forum, hit the Tiber island, and touch the n in Esquiline. Remembering things in halves is always easier I think. It is especially relevant due to the division of brothers. On the capitols side you have the capitol itself, the Quirinal, Viminal, and Esquiline (both the Cispian and the Oppian). On the Palatine's side you have the Palatine itself, the Caelian, and the Aventine.The forum and the Tiber are relatively easy to remember and if you can't remember where the island is, drawing the line will help.
As for the identifications, there are some key and really important things that will be easy to remember.
---- I think the best one that I have come up with is with Romulus and Remus. If you recall Romulus saw 12 vultures, proving he was the stronger brother. If you also recall this happened around 753/754 BCE. If you multiply 3 by 4 you get 12, the amount of vultures Romulus saw. This could be handy for remembering the specifics of the story or the date itself.
---- Another number trick I have come up with is in relation of the founding of the Roman Republic. This happened in 509 BCE during Tarquinius's rule, before him was Servious Tullius, and before him were 9 Etruscan Kings. So hopefully the 9 will help you remember.
---- Sadly there is no number trick for this one but in 1200-800 BCE, the Trojan War happened. This is a fairly large part of the story so it shouldn't be too hard to remember.
---- I'm not sure if this is considered too close to the starting of the Roman Republic, but also in the year 509 the Patrician and the Plebian titles were started and this turned out to be a pivotal part of the Republic Government.
Posted: Tue Oct 18, 2011 7:28 pm Post subject: Re: Sophie's study guide... With some questions. Help please
slanda wrote:
Servious Tullious- Second to last Roman King. Around 490, he…
-Started the Senate.
-Created the Census.
Tarquinious Jr. (Tarquin). Around 509, he…
-Raped Lucretia (Ideal Roman woman, also Brutice’s wife)
-The rape caused Brutice to lead a revolt against the Etruscan King.
-The Roman Republic followed shortly after.
Was Brutice a Patrician or a Pleb?
Romulos. Was born around 753(4) (At what time did he found rome?) he…
-And he brother found the area where Rome was to be founded
-There friends who were with them couldn’t decide which brother to follow.
-The brothers looked to the sky to read an augury (a religious ritual to learn the god’s wishes. Led by an Auger or priest).
-Romulos had more vultures, so he got the city.
-He and his men built a wall.
-His brother climbed the wall.
-Romulos killed his brother.
Comitia Centuriata. (When was this created?)
-Body made up of Patricians only to elect the consuls and the senate.
-They control practically everything.
-Everything comes back to them.
Mos Maeoram (When was this first created?)
-Unspoken rules
-Expectations
-Convention
Hey about the Mos Maeoram, I don't think it had a specific creation date, since they were unwritten rules. It might have started to be recognized around 509 BCE with the creation of the Republic.
Posted: Tue Oct 18, 2011 7:54 pm Post subject: Study Guide
Romulus:
Killed his brother Remus for the thrown in 753 BCE
First King of Rome
Rome named for him
Roman Qualities:
Beauty
Skilled at war
Strong
Family
Rulership
Instinctual
Territorial
Trojan
Latin
Sabine
Entruscan
Killer
Hospitality
Brutus:
Began the Roman revolution in 509 BCE because Tarquin raped his wife Lucretia, leading to her suicide.
Tarquinius:
Last King of Rome (number 12)
Servius Tullius:
Son of a slave and the 10th King
Started the senate council of advisors
Created 1st census
Mos Maeorum:
Unspoken rules
Expectations
Convention
Comitia Centuriata:
All Patricians are in this
The voters
Divided into centuries
Made up of soldiers
Pass laws
Elected consuls
Comitia Plebscita:
Made up of Plebians
Defends Plebians (legally)
Elected the tribunes
Consuls:
Patricians
There are 2 of them
Head generals
Run senate
Tribunes:
Plebians
Veto senates decisions
Elected
Usually most popular with the people
Praetors:
Patricians
Head of law enforcement
Generals in army
In charge of justice system
Censors:
Patricians
Conduct census
Senate:
Patricians
300 of them
Come up with laws
A lot of military men
Aediles:
Plebians
Looked after buildings (both sacred and normal)
Dictator:
Patricians
Appointed by consul
Lasted only 6 months
Only appointed during a military crisis
Only people who can condem people to death without approval
Quaestors:
Patricians
Looked after money
Lawyer
Judge
Patricians:
Family title (have to be from old Rome)
Upper class
Powerful
Most land
Got most government positions
Started around first census (509 BCE)
Plebians:
Family title (have to be from old Rome)
2nd class
Still have a good amount of money/land, but not as much as Patricians
Before Rome and Rome’s Founding
VENUS and Anchises=Aeneas
Aneas marries Lavinia=Ascanius
many years pass...
753
Brothers Amulius (king after bro) and Numitor(is king but dies) are born
Numitor=Rhea Silvia, the VESTAl virigin
Rhea Silvia is raped by MARS=Romulus and Remus
R+R are raised by she wolf, and the king is chosen to be Romulus, because he got 12 vultures and his brother got 6.
Rom builds his city with other men, then parties and rapes the Sabine women to have children, resulting in Etruscan takeover
many years and 9 kings pass...
King 11 Servius Tullies-senate-advisors=Tarquinius
Taquinius= Tarquin
Tarquin rapes Lucretia, an ideal Roman, and husband Brutis is mad, leads Romans to overthrow Etruscans=Roman Republic
509
Abbreviated List of Roman Morals: Mos maesrom
War to create peace
mantain strict order of classes
List of Roman Government Officials
Patricians: Law
Head in crisis: dictator =1
Heads of senate and army: consules =2
come up with laws to be vetoed or approved by consules: senate=300-
morals, census:censors
Money
treasury: quaestor
Army
army generals: consules =2
Head of army logistics and law: Praetors
All Patricians: comitia Centuriata
Plebians
Until 471 were not part of government, and their jobs were non existent. In the strike of 471, they got the XII tables to tell them the mos maesrom.
protection for Plebs: Tribunes
took care of buildings and ran festivals: aedile
List and Location of Important Roman Places
Rome Carthage Greece Troy
Mediterranean Sea
Capital Quirinal Veminal Esquiline Caelian Palatine middle of circle is Forum
QEVCP in a cirCle are the forum outside is A
outside of circle is Aventine
Tiber, Tiber island
Sample Identifications
Date 753 Brothers Romulus and Remus are born Romulus founds Rome
Date 509 Tarquin rapes Lucretia, an ideal Roman, and husband Brutis is mad, leads Romans to overthrow Etruscans
Date: time Rome is founded Mos maerum is used as unspoken land undefined laws which shapes the way Romans interact with eachother and keeps government fair
Right before the Etruscan takeover, Servius Tullies is king and creates senate and advisors
In the early years of Romes creation Patricians come in, then Plebians. This forms the basis of Romes Government.
Posted: Tue Oct 18, 2011 8:29 pm Post subject: Study Guide
Consuls: Two Consuls, for the purpose of tow sets of thoughts and opinion, in charge/run the senate. Decide the order of the speakers in senate. Two main generals for the army. Mos maeorum kept the consuls from gaining too much power.
Dictators: Most time in Rome there is no dictator, only for extreme military crisis. Last for 6 months, only person who makes final decision on matters of life and death, and named by the consuls.
Senate: Around 300 members, only patrician, write and develop laws. Then they are voted on by the comitia centuriata.
Censors: Patricians, conduct census, and are inspectors. Create classes of people based on wealth. To be censor you would have needed to be a senator. They are judges for cases involved with land.
Tribunes: Sit on the front steps of the curia (senate house) and yell veto if they believe it would be bad for the plebs. Their bodies are sacred and “cannot” be killed any one who does is immediately killed. This was made because the tribunes are saying controversial things.
Praetors: The head of law and army, chief judge, law enforcers, and general on the homefront.
Questors: Control of money, act as lawyers and judges, patricians. They were lawyers and judges of capitol cases.
Plebians: Until 471 b.c.e plebians could not hold any government jobs. Revolted by holding back the food and refusing to work, this was a second revolt. They wanted representative for their group ion the government, so the tribunes and plebescita committee. The first revolt led to the patricians recording the laws by the plebs demand. They have the right to call for instant arrest to their tribunes.
Patricians: Aristocrats, wealthy, original prestigious roman families, hold most of gov. offices.
Comitia Centuria: All male patricians are in this committee, these men have all been in the army, elected high magistrates. Split up by centuries based on the census showing their wealth. Votes on laws or gov seats are casted by order of the centuries, so it is often that the rich centuries make the most decisions.
Aediles: Look after public areas: roads, temples, and sewer system. They run plebian festivals.
Census: 509 BCE
Used to figure out the class system in Rome, direected by the censors, senior magistrates.
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